Soap and process of making the same.



ITED s'ra rns PAEENT OFFICE.

SOAP AND PRQCES-S OF MAKING THE SAME.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented epti 4, 1906 Application filed January 12, 1904- Serial No. 188,770.

To aZZ whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, MADELEIN Kusss, of ho. 2 Rue Gharnouta, Tums, Tums, have invcnted certain new and useful Improve ments in the Manufacture of Soap; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same.

This invention relates to the manufacture of sea and its special object is to produce a soap rrom petroleum or mineral oils.

Hitherto the chemical union of petroleum and. other mineral oils with other ingredients to reduce soap has been considered impossib e, and, moreover, the disagreeable odor usually present in mineral oils has prevented their employment in the soap and perfume industries. It is true that heretofore certain semiliquid emulsions containing etroleum have been tricdfor the purpose 0' cleaning lon -haired skins; but the inflammability an; the disagreeable smell of these emulsions have been serious obstacle to their general adoption inthe arts It is not the aim of the present invention to prepare anemu'lsion of mineral oil or a mere mechanical mixture of the same with soap made from fate or resins; but this invention has for its object the production-of a true soap from mineral oil or petroleum and,

moreover, the production of a compound of ipretrole'gu'm or mineral oil and alkali which is ee from the objectionable odors and dangerousinflammable properties inherent in the p purposes of this calculation maybe assumed I aforesaid emulsions.

With these objects in view my invention involves the addition of hydrochloric acid to a mixture of fat or of resin and fat and 'min eral oil in which the fat or fat and resin have been saponified by alkali. My invention, moreover, involves the addition of a further quantity of alkali to the Soil mass after the treatment of all or a part of t ie mineral oil by the hydrochloric acid, said further addition of alkali serving to alter the hydrocarbons of the m'nraloil, Under these conditions a soap may be produced from the petroleum or mineral oil and which after the lapseof a short period of time will have completely lost the odor of petroleum.

Mv invention, moreover, consists in the product resulting from the indicated process nainely, a soap containing chemicallybound mineral oil in contradistinction to the old forms of soap, which contained free, un combined mineral oil; and my invention consists in such other featuresand methods as will be hereinafter set forth and pointed out in the claims.

Of course it is understood that the term fats as herein. employed is broad enough to include solid and. liquid fats or oils. Soap obtained from mineral oil under this invention dissolves in Water like soaps obtained from fats or fatty oils. On being melted by heat it liquefies like ordinary'soaps and becomes formed into soap again on being cooled without showing any trace of decomposition. When first made, the soap obtained from mineral oil still retains a smell; but after a few days all smell of petroleum disappears, gradually iving place to a faint, pleasant perfume. l oreover, this mineraloil soap can beperfumed as required like other soaps.

The quantitative proportions of materials necessary for the purpose of accomplishing the desired result depend on the quality of the mineral oils and n consequence vary for every oil. To transform a small quantity of mineral oil, these proportionsmust be increased, and they become definite pro ortions only when the quantity of minera oil to be treated is a hundred liters or more. To sim lii'y the description of the process, let ten iters of American or Atlantic etroleum (also known as kerosene) weighing eight hundred grams to the liter be taken as the standard.

I take ten liters of petroleum, which for the to weigh just one kilogram per liter'that is, ten kilograms in all. I pulverize one kilogram five hundred grams of resin or any of its equivalentssuch' as'tar, tosln, or any hydrocarbon of the class (1H,, 4 (comprising the terpenes)that is to say, fifteen er cent.,'supposing that a liter weighs one 'ilogram. The resin is the'n added to the petroleum, stirringcontinuously till the resin is dissolved, Which takes )lace after an hour or two. All heating is to'lie avoided. Having incorporated the resin, one kilogram five hundred of beef fat or any other} animal fat are melted over a slow fire. When the fat is quite'liquid, it is taken from the fire and poured into the mass, (petroleum and resin,) The mixture is then left for stirring" well. two hours, being stirred from time to time only. Six hundred and thirty grams of- ICO caustic soda (NaHO) are dissolved with the aid of heat'in one liter three hundred centlliters of Waterthat is to say, the soda is taken in the ratio of live per cent. of the suhstance employed (always supposing in the calculations that a liter of petroleum Weighs one kilogram) and is dissolved in water in the ratio of ten per cent. of all of the materials making up the entire mass. The hot liquid or lye thus obtained is then poured into the mass comprising the petroleum resin and fat, and the same is stirred constantly until the mass has become semi-solid-that is to say, has formed a thickened pulp. When the mass is semisolid, there are added gradually and preferabl ,,dro'p by drop, so to speak,

three hundre and twent '-five centiliters of hydrochloric acid While stirring the mass of the whole amount.

four hours.

molds, allowedto cool, and dry in the shade I lowed to cool.

vigorously. This amount of hydrocl'iloric acid corresponds to two and a half per cent.

The mass by this action and addition becomes intensely heated and is again liquefied, and it will be seen that thereby the petroleum becomes thoroughly combined with the alkaliand incorporated with the saponified resin and [at It is to stir the mass and then to leave it until it hccomes'quite cool. It Will be seen from the alcove that the amount of. alkali added more than necessary to bind or saponify the fat and resin, the remainder which is left over after such saponification servingto chemically bind a part or all (in the present instance all) of the mineral oil or petroleum. Thereupon further alkali is added by taking three hundred and twenty-live grams of caustic coda (N aHO) and dissolving it with the aid of heat in one liter three hundrcd'ccn .tiliters of waterthat is to say, two and a halt per cent. ofsoda in ten percent. oi v/ater. Pour the hot liquid into the mass While stirring. Then leave t-he'mass for four or five hours, stirring the same from time time. The mass thereby becomes compact, rennin into large lumps, and is ready to he coiled.

It is better to leave the soap for one or two d ys to give it time to form completely, whereupon it is dissolved over a slowfire. This soon causes it to become liquid, where-- upon it is taken away and allowed to cool. It is then put into a copper and boiled for Then it is poured into the exactly as with other soa s. The resultant soap will be found to be s ightly yellow. It has great cleansing properties and is a powerful antiseptic.

If it is desired to obtain a White soap, instead of putting it me copper it must be, boiled with a large uantity of water and be continuously stirre after which it is al- The soap will then he found to float, the yellow coloring-matter remaining in the water. The soap thus prepared is quite white, but contains a good deal of mixture compi access Water. instead or dissolving it in a salt bath, as is done with ordinary soaps, it is better to remove the Water bycompression. The soap is then melted over a slow fire and run into the molds. The soap made'i'rom petroleum can readily be mixed with a little palm-oil or palm-oil soap, extract of quillal hr of saponin in order to make the soap lath cry. Palnroil is the hest, as it hardens th soap as well as makes it lathery.

If a hundred liters of petroleum be used, only ten per cent. of resin or tar, ten per cent. of fat, five per cent. of soda, (N a110,) and one per cent. of hydrochloric acid are emquantity of fat put The same conditions would arise if resin alone were employed.

Having fully described my invention, what i claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States, is-

1. In the manufacture of soap, the process which consists in adding hydrochloric acid to a mixture comprising mineral oil and saponitied fat. i j

in the manufacture of soap, the process which consists in adding hydrochloric acid to a mixture comprising mineral oil and saponilied fat and. resin.

3. In the manufacture of soap the process which consists in adding caustic alkali to a mixture comprising mineral oil and fat, and then adding hydrochloric acid to the Whole.

4-. In the inuiasture of soap, the process ch comes in adding caustic alkali to a sing mineral oil, fat and resin, and then a dding hydrochloric acid to the whole.

5. ln the manufacture of soap, the process winch consists in adding hydrochloric-acid to mintur omprising mineral oil and saponilied il l then adding alkali to the resultant ma 1 I 6. In the manufacture of soap, the process which consists in adding hydrochloric acid to mixture comprising mineral oil and saponilied fat and resin, and then adding alkali to the resultant mass.

7. In the manufacture of soa the process which consists in adding caustic alkali to a mixture comprising mineral oil and fat, then. adding hydrochloric acid to the Whole, and then adding more caustic alkali to the resultant product.

8. Int-ho manufacture of soap, the process which consists in adding caustic alkali to a mixture comprising mineral oil, fat and resin, then adding hydrochloric acidto the Whole, and then adding more caustic alkali to the resultant product.

9 In the manufacture of-soap, the process which consists in dissolving resin in mineral i then adding a hot oil and adding thereto melted or liquid fat, than adding a bath of more than sufficient caustic alkali to saponify the resin and fat and allowi to stand and then gradually adding hydroc oric acid to the whole.

10. In the manufacture of soap, the proc see which consists in dissolving resin in min: eral oil and adding thereto melted or liquid fat, then adding a bath of more than sufficient caustic alkali to saponify the resin and fat and allowing to stand, then gradually adding hydrochloric acid to the whole, and finally addim another quantity of an alkaline bath to t e resultant mass after cooling.

11. In the manufacture of soap, the process which consists in dissolvin resin in mineral oil and adding thereto hot melted 01' liquid fat and allowing such mixture to stand, then adding a hot bath of more than'sufiicient caustic alkali to saponify the resin and the fat, stirring and allowing to stand, then, when the mass has become partially solid, adding gradually hydrochloric acid and stirl l. In the manufacture of soap, the process which consists in dissolving resin in mineral oil and adding thereto hot melted or liquid fat and allowin such mixture to stand,

ath of more than sufficient caustic alkali to saponify the resin and the fat, stirring and allowing to stand, then when the mass has become partially solid adding gradually hydrochloric acid and stirring and finally addi another quantity of ahot alkaline bath to t e resultant mass after cooling, allowing to stand for a sustainedperiod of time and then boilingthe whole.

13. In the manufacture of soa the proc ess which consists in saponifying at and resin in the presence of a hydrocarbon, adding an acid and resaponifying with alkali.

14. A soap containin chemically altered and combined hydrocar on homogeneously dlstribn-ed throughout its mass, said soap remaining homogeneous when heated and when 4 5 boiled with water.

15. A soap comprisin saponiiied fat and. resin and a chemically al tered and combined hydrocarbon, all in a state of homogeneous admixture, said soap remaining homogeneous when heated. and when boiled with water.

16. A soap containing mineral oil and also containing saponified fat and resin recovered from a previous saponification in presence of such mineral oil.

In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand in presence of two witnesses.

MADELEINE KUESS, (NEE SOLLEY.)

Witnesses:

L. PARODI, N. Rorrnn. 

